{"product_id":"rolling-stones-stripped-cd","title":"The Rolling Stones – Stripped (1CD)","description":"\u003cp\u003eStripped by The Rolling Stones on 1 CD. Released by Polydor.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eArtist: The Rolling Stones\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eFormat: 1 CD\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eLabel: Polydor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eRelease date of this edition: 25-09-2026\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eEAN: 0602478686788\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"The Rolling Stones","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":59005933355382,"sku":"BERTUS-9G8036","price":26.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1012\/2002\/4694\/files\/j8egmtqw.png?v=1792080907","url":"https:\/\/sjelfmusic.nl\/en\/products\/rolling-stones-stripped-cd","provider":"SJELF.","version":"1.0","type":"link"}